Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Targeting Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases to Enhance Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms252111512

Figure Lengend Snippet: Absolute values of ALDH specific activity (mU/mg) in A172 and GL261 cell extracts using hexanal or all- trans -retinaldehyde as a substrate. Specific activity is expressed in mU per mg of total protein present in the cell extract; here, 1 mU is defined as 1 nmol of product generated per min. Values are the mean ± SD of triplicates (n = 3).

Article Snippet: Murine cell line GL261 CVCL_Y003 was acquired from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz, Germany) and cultured in the same conditions as the human GB cell lines.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Generated

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Targeting Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases to Enhance Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms252111512

Figure Lengend Snippet: EC 50 values (µM) ± SE of TMZ and ALDH inhibitors in the panel of GB cell lines after 48 h of treatment. The data represent the fitting of results from a single representative experiment with triplicates (n = 3), performed at least twice independently, to a 4-parameter equation using GraFit 5.0 (Erithacus software). The EC 50 value is defined as the drug concentration at which half of the maximal response is achieved.

Article Snippet: Murine cell line GL261 CVCL_Y003 was acquired from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz, Germany) and cultured in the same conditions as the human GB cell lines.

Techniques: Software, Concentration Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Targeting Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases to Enhance Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms252111512

Figure Lengend Snippet: Remaining ALDH activities in A172 and GL261 cell extracts using hexanal as a substrate, in the presence of a 15 µM inhibitor. Values are the mean ± SD of triplicates (n = 3).

Article Snippet: Murine cell line GL261 CVCL_Y003 was acquired from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz, Germany) and cultured in the same conditions as the human GB cell lines.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Targeting Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases to Enhance Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms252111512

Figure Lengend Snippet: Synergy maps for 48 h treatments using TMZ combined with each ALDH inhibitor in ( A ) A172 and ( B ) GL261, obtained after analysis with SynergyFinder software ( https://synergyfinder.fimm.fi/ ), according to the reference model of Bliss. The concentration of TMZ is represented in the y axis, whereas the concentration of each ALDH inhibitor is represented in the x axis. Synergy scores of the most synergistic areas are indicated in the map. Scores below −10 indicate antagonism (green); scores between −10 and 10 indicate an additive effect (light green to light red); scores above 10 indicate synergism (red). Shown here is the result of a single representative experiment consisting of duplicates (n = 2) for each drug concentration. The experiment was performed at least twice independently.

Article Snippet: Murine cell line GL261 CVCL_Y003 was acquired from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz, Germany) and cultured in the same conditions as the human GB cell lines.

Techniques: Software, Concentration Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Targeting Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases to Enhance Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms252111512

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell death analysis by flow cytometry after 24 h of incubation with TMZ equimolar concentrations of DIMATE, ABD0099 and ABD0171 in ( A ) A172 and ( B ) GL261 cells. Iodide propidium labeling (necrosis) is represented in the y axis, whereas annexin V labeling (apoptosis) is represented in the x axis. Cells in the PI positive region of the cytogram could come from either necrotic or late-apoptotic cells. The result of a single representative experiment is shown here, consisting of duplicates (n = 2) for each drug treatment (to simplify, only one of the duplicates is shown). The experiment was performed at least twice independently.

Article Snippet: Murine cell line GL261 CVCL_Y003 was acquired from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz, Germany) and cultured in the same conditions as the human GB cell lines.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Incubation, Labeling

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Targeting Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases to Enhance Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms252111512

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative intracellular levels of ROS in A172 and GL261 after 6 h of treatment with 500 µM H 2 O 2 (used as a positive control), and TMZ or ALDH inhibitors at the EC 50 concentration. Data are the mean ± SD of six replicates (n = 6) of a single representative experiment. The experiment was performed at least twice independently. Asterisks indicate statistical significance compared to the respective control, as analyzed by an unpaired t test with Welch’s correction. ** 0.001 < p < 0.01; *** 0.0001 < p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Murine cell line GL261 CVCL_Y003 was acquired from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz, Germany) and cultured in the same conditions as the human GB cell lines.

Techniques: Positive Control, Concentration Assay, Control